Marketing plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Advertising plan - Essay Example The Nokia Company and items center around giving an exceptional and reasonable portable experience to individuals internationally. With the quickly expanding advanced mobile phone showcase, this organization faces a test to achieve better quality, prevalent and creative cell phones in a profoundly unique market. As indicated by the Q1 Interim Report on Nokia, Net deals for the gadgets and administrations got diminished 25% quarter-on-quarter to EUR 2.9 billion†. Additionally, the volume for the cell phones diminished 30% quarter-on-quarter to 55.8 million units, which is higher than the assessed an incentive by cell phones. Consequently, watching only the starting quarter of 2013, it very well may be examined that Nokia, the once top merchant in the portable market has fallen severely. The factor answerable for this destruction is poor people and inactive showcasing system of the organization. The organization and its pioneers neglected to comprehend that the versatile market i s one of the quickest developing on the planet and when it had the biggest offer in the market, the organization halted advancement. Besides, the organization by one way or another figured out how to ignore the opposition from Apple and Samsung and when the opponents were presenting shocking new items, Nokia kept doing what it was doing and didn't present something as new as the others. The current issue close by for the organization is in the blasting advanced cell business. The procedure of market flooding has no reasonable picture and disarray exists. The organization needs to understand and deliver the issue to manage Nokia Lumia telephones showcasing and execute a keen intend to broaden this line of items. The conveyance of Nokia telephones is done universally at outlets which are Nokia idea stores just as multi-brand stores. It is critical to take note of that Nokia has remained on the top as the biggest worldwide merchant of cell phones from 1998 to 2012(BBC News, 2012). Duri ng ongoing years, Nokia has been a fruitful vender of low and medium end cell phones. Nonetheless, right now the advanced mobile phone is the main and generally utilized cell phone and the organization couldn't stay up with that innovation. The decay has been staggering. The stock exchanged at over $40 per share in 2007. It has now tumbled to under $2 (Ogg, 2012). It once had a piece of the overall industry of over 30% and now it has under 4% (Calkins, 2013). The piece of the pie fell as an outcome of the expedient utilization of touch screen advanced mobile phones from contender organizations. Since that defeat, Nokia attempted to recuperate through the Microsoft association in 2011, changing the working arrangement of the its advanced mobile phones from Symbian to Windows yet deals of the Nokia PDAs plunged widely (Dediu, 2013). Nokia propelled its first full fledge contact screen advanced mobile phone Nokia 5800 followed by N97 in 2009. The telephones didn't contend well in the a dvanced mobile phone showcase. The most recent scope of Nokia items are the telephones from the Nokia Lumia arrangement. Available at present, are the Lumia 925, the Lumia 920, the Lumia 820, the Lumia 720, the Lumia 620â and the Lumia 520 and the Lumia 1020. The predominant organization is on its street to disappointment on account of significant rivalry by Samsung, Blackberry and Apple. Despite the fact that it has such huge numbers of items from the Lumia arrangement, Nokia is as yet confronting significant rivalry from essentially the iPhone and gadgets running on Android. Clients despite everything have not considered anything to be amazing from Nokia as the Samsung Galaxy S3 or the iPhone 5. The iPhone has assumed control over the market because of its

Didion “In Bed” Thoughtful Analysis

Her ethos is her own involvement in the subject as exhibited in the principal section: â€Å"Almost each day of consistently, between these assaults, I feel the abrupt nonsensical disturbance and the flush of blood into the cerebral courses which disclose to me that headache is on its way, and I consume certain medications to turn away its appearance. † She utilizes accurate clinical terms, for example, â€Å"Methodologies,† â€Å"lysergic acid,† and â€Å"synthesized L SD-25† to exhibit her insight and exploration regarding the matter. 3. ) Make perceptions about the wonderful language use in the first paragraph.Here are a couple to kick you off, however include your very own couple: â€Å"unconscious with pain,† â€Å"shameful secret,† â€Å"chemical inadequacy. † What does every one of these expressions accomplish for the section? Doing is indicating what most of individuals consider headaches by utilizing these words. The vast majo rity don't comprehend that it is in excess of a cerebral pain, yet individuals think the individuals who experience the ill effects of headaches are feeble and that it's something they do to themselves due to â€Å"bad perspectives, terrible tempers, [and] bad behavior. † Doing kind of taunts the general biased mentality towards her distress. . ) What is the planned impact of the equal structure toward the finish of the subsequent passage? What kind of request is this? Be explicit. Doing uses the equal Truckee to furnish explicit instances of her battles with headaches. Doing utilizes rationale to negates her announcement the when she said â€Å"nothing amiss with me by any stretch of the imagination: I essentially had headache cerebral pains, and headache cerebral pains were, as each and every individual who didn't have them knew, nonexistent' and afterward utilizes the equal structure to show that headaches are an issue. 5. ) What is the reason for including Jefferson and Grant?What about the extensive passage on clinical medicines? Jefferson and Grant weren't powerless individuals who were probably going to grumble about a â€Å"headache. It's not only an infection that influences feeble character types, so the two men loan validity to the issue of headache. The passage on clinical medicines shows her insight into the issue. The clinical section loans believability to Doing, yet it additionally shows that there is no simple solution for headache; one of the medications is even a subsidiary LSI indicating that it's a truly exceptional treatment. . ) Comment on the significance of the expression â€Å"ambiguous favoring. † The gift is doubtful in light of the fact that amidst a headache, the individual enduring the assault would prefer to kick the bucket than eave to endure, however after the assault is over they're happy they endure. 7. ) Find a rationale paradox in the principal full section on the back (HINT: Doing herself isn't punishable Of the offense). What is it, and how can it fortify her contention? The specialist makes a presumption about her condition dependent on her appearance, explicitly her muddled hair.He accept she should be a habitual maid since her hair is chaotic and that all patients with her condition have a particular character, and he attempts to figure out how to document her inside that character type. 8. All through the paper, for what reason does she allude to it as â€Å"migraine† and not â€Å"migraines'? Doing is attempting to communicate the earnestness of headaches by expressing it by its clinical term, much like we call malignant growth disease and diabetes. 9. ) What do you believe is the reason for the last paragraph?Its intention is to show that she's discovered a silver coating in the torment of a headache. The headache is welcomed on by the little worries of her regular daily existence, and each uneasiness she has is amplified by the headache before the torment, yet then th e agony comes and she needs to concentrate every last bit of her vitality on that particular torment. At the point when the torment passes, every last bit of her issues are not, at this point genuine issues. The headache is presently a sort of treatment. It brings her life into point of view and keeping in mind that it's savage in its execution, its still a type of contemplation. 0. ) How can she make sympathy in the paper? Dingo's own encounters draw out the tenderness in the section. Her anguish and battles are empathic by the peruser on the grounds that Doing is so expressive of her own encounters with headaches; she causes the peruser to feel and comprehend what she is feeling during a headache. 11. Utilizing Doing to legitimize your reaction, clarify why an equalization of sentiment, ethos, and logos makes the best contentions.

Aes Case Solution Essays

Aes Case Solution Essays Aes Case Solution Paper Aes Case Solution Paper 1. How might you assess the capital planning technique utilized truly by AES? What’s great and awful about it? â€Å"When AES embraced basically household contract age ventures where the danger of changes to information and yield costs was insignificant, an undertaking account system was utilized. † Usually, venture fund system is utilized when the task has unsurprising incomes, which can without much of a stretch speak to working focuses through express agreement. At the point when incomes are assurance, the organization can have more significant level of influence and it is simpler to isolate venture resources from the parent organization. Points of interest and Disadvantages: ) Advantages a. Amplify Leverage b. Reeling Sheet Treatment c. Office Cost d. Multilateral Financial Institutions 2) Disadvantages a. Ventures V/S Division b. Multifaceted nature c. Macroeconomic Risk d. Political Risk: 2. On the off chance that Venerus actualizes the recommended strategy, what might be the scope of markdown rates that AES would use the world over? In the event that Venerus and AES actualize the proposed system, the ventures would change while WACC changes. To discover WACC we should initially ascertain the utilized wagers for each the US Red Oak and Lal Plr Pakistan ventures, utilizing the condition unleveled beta/(1-D/V). It is anything but difficult to track down obligation to capital proportions, which are 39. 5% for U. S and 35. 1% for Pakistan, and the unleveled beta, which are both 0. 25, in Exhibit 7a and 7b. At that point we can get an utilized beta for the U. S. , 0. 41, and for Pakistan, 0. 3852. Second we should discover the hazard free and hazard premium rates. Since all obligations are account in U. S. dollar, we utilize the hazard free rate, which is equivalent to U. S. T-bill, and hazard premium rate, which is equivalent to U. S. chance premium, to ascertain the expense of capital for all nations. Utilizing condition cost of capital = Risk Free Rate + turned beta * Risk Premium, we can get the expense of capital for U. S. venture, 7. 27%, and for Pakistan venture, 7. 2%. After that we should discover the expense of obligation. Utilizing the recipe hazard free rate + default spread, we can get the expense of obligation for both U. S. undertaking and Pakistan venture are 8. 07% (4. 5%+3. 47%), in which both U. S. venture and Pakistan venture have an equivalent spread, 3. 47%. To alter we include the sovereign hazard into count. In Exhibit 7a, the sovereign hazard for the U. S. is 0% yet for Pakistan is 9. 9%. We along these lines get the new assessment of the expense of capital and cost of obligation, which are steady for U. S. what's more, ascent to 17. 1% and 17. 97% for Pakistan. At long last we figure the WACC. The recipe is utilized beta * (cost of capital) + Debt to capital * (cost of obligation) * (1-charge rate). At that point we get for the U. S. WACC= 6. 48% and for Pakistan WACC= 15. 93%. At last, we ought to alter the WACC with its hazard score. Since everything is determined in U. S. dollar, the U. S. hazard score is 0. So the U. S. ventures WACC is steady. The Pakistan chance premium is 1. 425. So the change is 1. 25 * 500= 705bp = 7. 05%. In this manner, we get the last Pakistan WACC, which is 23. 08% (15. 93%+7. 05%). Taking everything into account, the contrast between the U. S. also, Pakistan ventures is 16. 60%. Clearly, the U. S. venture looks substantially more good. 3. Does this bode well as an approach to do capital planning? The monetary technique utilized by AES w as generally founded on venture fund. The model functioned admirably in the residential market and in the global tasks. Be that as it may, when AES began its broadening of business, it needed to face to expanding balanced dangers, for example, business chance. Likewise, venture money did exclude the danger of degrading of cash in creating economies which brought about critical misfortunes because of the failure of the organization to endure its worldwide obligation commitments. What's more, AES ought to likewise focus on political hazard. Consequently we see that the topographical expansion of business made undertaking financing less recommendable as an even hazard turns out to be increasingly show. 4. What is the estimation of the Pakistan venture utilizing the expense of capital got from the new procedure? In the event that this venture was situated in the U. S. what might its worth be? So as to ascertain the estimation of undertaking for the Lal Pir venture in Pakistan, we first need to figure the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) utilizing the new proposed philosophy. The initial step is to figure the estimation of turned ?. The estimation of the turned ? comes out to be 38. 52%, which basically implies that our venture isn't pro foundly corresponded to the market return. Utilizing this estimation of ? we currently figure the expense of Equity. We have utilized the arrival on U. S. Treasury Bond, which is 4. 5%, as the hazard free return. The expense of value comes out to be 7. % and likewise, utilizing the hazard free return and the default spread we figure the expense of obligation which comes out to be 8. 07%. Note that the expense of obligation and the expense of value additionally should be balanced for the sovereign spread. When we have the balanced expenses of value and capital, the WACC comes out to be 15. 93%. Be that as it may, presently we have to modify this WACC for the dangers related with doing the undertaking in Pakistan. As referenced to some degree 2, we get last WACC 23. 08%, which lead us to figure NPV from the year 2004 to 2023. Furthermore, it is - $234. 34 million. For U. S. , first we see the sovereign spread is equivalent to zero. Furthermore, for this situation we would need to ascertain the business hazard utilizing the data given in Exhibit 7a. This score comes out to be 0. 64 and utilizing this score, our business chance comes out to be 3. 23% and adding it to determined estimation of WACC, we get our last WACC of 9. 64%. Utilizing this we compute our NPV for USA which comes out to be - $35. 92 million. 5. How does the balanced expense of capital for the Pakistan venture mirror the probabilities of genuine occasions? What does the rebate rate modification suggest about desires for the task since it is situated in Pakistan and not the U. S.? To ascertain the balanced expense of capital, we ought to modify six normal sorts of dangers: Operational, Counterparty, Regulatory, Construction, Commodity, Currency and Legal. In Pakistan, it is conceivable to meet every one of these dangers with the exception of development. Moreover, the most elevated likelihood is the legitimate hazard. At the point when we figure the WACC for Pakistan through customary recipe it comes out to be 15. 93%, anyway so as to consolidate the hazard factor related with Pakistan we have to alter it for the Total Risk Score, which for this situation is 1. 425. So we have to alter our WACC 23. 08%. As referenced before the markdown rate is balanced dependent on the complete hazard score of the nation. This all out hazard score is gathered from 6 primary sorts of dangers, the likelihood of which changes from nation to nation. While money, administrative and legitimate dangers are fundamentally high in Pakistan, the operational, counterparty and product dangers are higher in U. S.. Also when gone to the balanced WACC for Pakistan (23. 08%) and WACC for U. S. (6. 48%), we can presume that Pakistan is a lot less secure to contribute than the U. S..

Aplikasi Endnote Free Essays

Contoh Aplikasi Software EndNotes Researches on esteem significance of bookkeeping data in Indonesia a d other creating nations by and large proposed that bookkeeping numbers are pertinent to quantify firm worth (1, one writer of diary). In any case, esteem importance of bookkeeping data in Asian nations are likewise found to vacillate after some time because of money related emergency, negative income, bookkeeping outrages and infringement of guidelines in the capital market. These occasions have adversely influenced esteem importance of bookkeeping data. We will compose a custom article test on Aplikasi Endnote or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now Examines on esteem significance of bookkeeping data have kept on creating following such changes (2, three writers of diary) explore the worth importance of book worth and income between two diverse monetary detailing systems I. e. during MASB and FRS period in Malaysia. The consequence of the investigation proposes that book esteems are esteem applicable under the two systems yet profit are esteem pertinent just during the MASB timeframe. That implies that the change in money related announcing system additionally influences essentially the worth pertinence of book esteem and yet not profit. Another examination which explores the worth pertinence among totaled and disaggregated book worth and profit among Malaysian cutting edge firms is performed by (3, three writers = 2). The aftereffect of the investigation shows that the informative intensity of both book worth and profit are fluctuating, book esteem is in a diminishing pattern, while income show an expanding pattern. Moreover, the outcome likewise proposes that disaggregated book worth and profit could clarify the variety in showcase esteem better than collected book worth and income. The connection between income the board and worth importance of bookkeeping data can likewise be clarified through profit quality. (4, two writers of book) contend that profit the board is related to income quality. (5, single creator of diary) additionally expresses that profoundly overseen income have low quality. It implies that income the board activities will decrease profit quality I. e. unwavering quality of profit. The pertinence of bookkeeping data in valuation of a firm can be influenced by market’s knowledge of the unwavering quality of the data (6, four writers of book arrangement). This implies profit the board activities contrarily influence esteem pertinence of income. The majority of the examinations on the connection between income the executives and worth pertinence of bookkeeping data are led in the West or created nations. These examinations endeavored to look at income the executives utilizing optional gatherings (7, three creators of diary; 8, two creator of diaries; 9, single creator of diary). Administration framework assumes a significant job in the monetary detailing process. As recommended by earlier looks into, rules and guidelines defined to secure financial specialists are key institutional elements influencing the corporate approach decisions (10, three creators of meeting proceding; 11, two creators of diary). The analysts find that the assurance level performed by foundations are related with the helpfulness of accumulation based bookkeeping data. The degree of security forced by the capital market administrative office assumes a job in diminishing the degree of control that can be led by directors and controlling investors through accumulations exchanges. A few worldwide investigations give proof on the relationship between income quality and the level of assurance to financial specialists from the confiscation by controlling investors and supervisors. These examinations attest that the attributes of income are influenced by the level of investors’ insurance (12, same aurhor with no 11 and 2). As a developing capital market, a significant n umber of the recorded organizations in Indonesia have advanced from the customary family possessed ventures with profoundly focused proprietorship structure (13, single creator of theory). In the setting where firms have a controlling square of offers held by the significant investors, the key office issue is between the controlling (lion's share) and minority investors. The condition gives incredible open doors for chiefs to take part in genuine profit the board particularly in Indonesia. Under the state of a profoundly thought proprietorship structure, it is contended that the controlling investors successfully have more prominent control rights than the control rights gave through their democratic offers as they are additionally associated with the administration choices (13, three writers of electronic article). Concentrated offer possession in this way makes open doors for controlling investors to dispossess the assets of an element. Confiscation is a procedure of utilizing one’s control rights to augment their government assistance through the conveyance of riches from others to him (14, four writers of book arrangement). Confiscation is one of the profit the executives strategies led by the board to help the controlling investors. Moreover, (15, same creators with no 14) express that the observing capacity will be hard if administrators are a piece of the dominant part investors when their possession increments to a specific level. On the off chance that one’s democratic offers have arrived at a specific limit, at that point he/she can have a full control and will in general cow the organization to achieve his/her own goals (16, two creators of diary). What's more, it is additionally contended that to take part in seizure in nations that holds fast to the common law is simpler when contrasted with nations which practice custom-based law lawful framework (17, three creators of diary; 18, two creators of diary). Under the Common Law framework, bookkeeping guidelines and strategies are increasingly rigid and insurance of the privileges of investors and loan bosses is more prominent with the usage of different agreement framework (19, three writers of book arrangement). It is seen that a nation like Indonesia which has its lawful convention started from the common law has generally more fragile advancement in its capital market and different money related foundations when contrasted with those nations which have legitimate condition established from the Common Law framework. The proof is steady with study led by (20, same creators with no 19). Despite what might be expected, The German’s organizations with guideline based bookkeeping gauges would want to perform collection income the executives on the grounds that permissive measures despite everything permit the lead of gathering profit the board whichis less exorbitant. The discoveries are in accordance with (21, same creators with no 17) which found that bookkeeping measures which are progressively tough (more tightly) can decrease the act of collection income the board, however triger genuine profit the executives. The most effective method to refer to Aplikasi Endnote, Papers

Bowlby Juvenile Study

Bowlby Juvenile Study In the accompanying paper I will be taking a gander at the contextual analysis of John Bowlby and the 44 Juvenile hoodlums. I will depict the first speculation of the investigation and what Bowlby expected to discover. I will at that point take a gander at two other key mental examinations into human conduct. When I have taken a gander at all three of the investigations, I will at that point take a gander at the exploration techniques utilized by each of the three. I will intently take a gander at the moral ramifications of the investigations just as the commonsense applications utilized in each. John Bowlby (1907-1990) was a Psychoanalyst who worked at the London Child Guidance Clinic somewhere in the range of 1936 and 1939. Bowlby accepted that emotional well-being and conduct issues could be connected to youth experience similarly as Freud did. He meant to demonstrate that partition from Mothers or sole carers before the age of five influenced children’s youthful conduct. B owlby took 44 patients that had come into his facility who were cheats that had been suggested by their school, guardians or social carers. The gathering of criminals were part into two gatherings, these were grade I who had just taken once, and the other was grade IV who were recurrent guilty parties. He at that point took another gathering of 44 kids who were sincerely upset yet not criminals, this gathering was known as the benchmark group. The 88 youngsters engaged with this investigation were totally matured somewhere in the range of five and sixteen. In the gathering of hoodlums there were 31 young men and 13 young ladies while in the benchmark group there were 34 young men and 10 young ladies. There were three key investigations for this situation study which were controlled by a clinician, social specialist and a therapist. The main was an IQ test which was invigilated by one of the center clinicians; the test was done as every one of the members went into the facility. The analyst found that just as the entirety of the members being comparative in age, they were all comparable in their IQ so they were no inconsistencies when contrasting the instructive foundation of the youngsters. The subsequent investigation was a meeting of the participant’s guardians that was held by a social specialist, the point of this was to record subtleties of the child’s early life. The third examination was a meeting held with the youngster and the parent that they were with; this was held by a therapist to check whether the subtleties given by the guardians coordinated with those of the kid. The social laborer and specialist made separate reports which were analyzed when they had finished them with respect to every kid. When the reports had been thought about, the youngsters were then part into various gatherings, these were; Normal No Abnormal side effects Depressed Showing side effects of melancholy Circular Showing manifestations of sadness and over movem ent Hyperthymic Over action Affectionless No fondness for other people and no feeling of disgrace or duty Schizoid Withdrawn and lacking associations with others Priggish Showing side effects of uneasiness or craziness  The outcomes have some critical oddities; the 14 affectionless characters are factually huge, this is on the grounds that 13 of the 14 (93%) were grade IV criminals; this plainly shows the affectionless have been extremely misinformed and neglected in the youth. Over portion of the evaluation IV hoodlums were affectionless. Different discoveries are that 19 of the cases had experienced drawn out partition their sole carer during their initial five years. 17 of the 19 that had endured delayed division were criminals and 12 of these 17 were classed as affectionless. Of the 23 that were grade IV hoodlums, 14 of them had endured delayed division.

Brain Recovery After Stopping Methamphetamine

Brain Recovery After Stopping Methamphetamine Addiction Drug Use Meth Print Brain Recovery After Stopping Methamphetamine Abstinence May Restore Some Functions but Not Others By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on September 07, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 21, 2020 Verywell / Nusha Ashjaee More in Addiction Drug Use Meth Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery In This Article Table of Contents Expand Types of Brain Damage Acute Neurotransmitter Changes Rewiring the Brain's Reward System Brain Cell Death Likelihood of Reversal What to Expect After Quitting View All Back To Top There is no doubt that methamphetamine (meth) can cause progressive and sometimes profound damage to the brain. The question is whether the damage is reversible once a person stops. Unfortunately, the answer is rarely simple. While it is possible that some of the damage will begin to reverse when a user stops, there are other types of damage that may be harder to turn back. What we do know, however, is that any restoration of brain function is only possible after a sustained period of complete abstinence. Types of Brain Damage Heavy or long-term methamphetamine use damages the brain both biochemically and physiologically.?? Because the brain becomes accustomed to the drug during the addiction, the altered biochemical activity may take time to normalize once the drug is stopped. But, in most cases, it will, and any dysfunction in the biochemistry will eventually right itself.?? From a physiological standpoint, reversal may not be so easy. Ultimately, meth causes damage to brain cells, and the ability to reverse this damage is largely dependant on where the injury occurred. If it is in an area where other brain cells can compensate, then an improvement in symptoms is likely. If, on the other, it occurs where cells are more specialized and have fewer redundancies, then repair can be difficult, if not impossible. There are three ways in which long-term meth use can damage the brain:Causing acute neurotransmitter changesRewiring the brains reward systemCausing brain cell death Acute Neurotransmitter Changes Long-term meth exposure directly alters the brains cellular transporters and receptors (the systems responsible for delivering messages throughout the brain). Because these transporters and receptors are largely responsible for a persons moods, chronic impairment can lead to symptoms of irritability, apathy, rage, depression, insomnia, and anxiety.?? With that being said, the methamphetamine itself does not hurt the nerve cells (neurons) which receive the chemical messages. They remain intact. As such, the cessation of meth can lead to the normalization of transporter and receptor activity. In some people, this can take a few weeks. In others, it may require up to 18 months to fully reverse the dysfunction. Rewiring the Brains Reward System Methamphetamine addiction also damages the brains so-called pleasure (or reward) center. These are regions of the brain that include the ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens, and frontal lobe.?? Chronic methamphetamine use causes the increase in the level of cytokines in the brain. This is a class of chemicals that that, among other things, trigger the development of new synapses (connections) between brain cells. The more often that meth is used, the more that the cytokines will produce extra pathways between neurons to accommodate the increased brain activity. Once these changes have occurred, they are usually permanent.?? Changes to the brains reward center are largely responsible for the drug cravings a person can experience upon quitting. Brain Cell Death Heavy meth use is known to cause cell death in parts of the brain associated with self-control, including the frontal lobe, caudate nucleus, and hippocampus. Damage in this area can manifest with psychiatric symptoms seen in later-stage addiction, including dementia, psychosis, and schizophrenia. Unfortunately, these are the types of cells are not considered redundant. Their function cannot be compensated by other brain cells, and any damage caused to them can be considered permanent. Likelihood of Reversal In recent years, scientific studies have aimed to evaluate the effect of long-term abstinence on brain activity in former methamphetamine users. A 2010 review of studies conducted by the Department of Psychology and Center for Substance Abuse Research at Temple University looked at the restoration of brain function after cessation of different recreational drugs, including cannabis, MDMA, and methamphetamine.?? With methamphetamine, former users who had been abstinent for six months scored lower on motor skills, verbal skills, and psychological tasks compared to a matched set of people who had never used. After 12 and 17 months, however, their ability to perform many of the tasks improved with motor and verbal skills equal to that of the non-users. The one area where they lagged behind was with psychological tasks, where former users were more likely to exhibit depression, apathy, or aggression. What to Expect After Quitting The ability to restore normal brain function after quitting meth can vary from person to person. It is largely related to how long you used the drug, how regularly you used it, and how much you used. With that being said, a former user can expect an improvement in the following functions and/or symptoms within six to 12 months of stopping: Restoration of neurotransmitter activity in parts of the brain regulating personalityNormalization of brain receptors and transportersImprovement in depression and anxietyStabilization of mood swingsImprovement in focus and attentionFewer nightmaresReduction in jitteriness and emotional rages The one thing that may not readily improve is the drug cravings a person can experience even after years of abstinence. It is a problem commonly caused by damage to the brains self-control tract (namely, the fasciculus retroflexus and ventral tegmental area). To deal with these cravings, a former user should commit to an extensive rehabilitation program and the process of neurogenesis wherein a person learns to exercise self-control in order to stimulate activity in the fasciculus retroflexus and ventral tegmental area.

Initial Reflections on the “New” SAT

// lt;img height="1" width="1" style="display:none" src="https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=254562404876341amp;ev=PageViewamp;noscript=1" /gt; March 5, 2016, was a very important day in the world of college admissions testing. It was the first administration of the new SAT (also known as the revised SAT, or rSAT). The last revision of the SAT was in 2005 and involved replacing the 1600-point scale (800 Math/800 Verbal) with a 2400-point scale (800 Math/800 Critical Reading/800 Writing). The 2016 rSAT brings the 1600-point scale back, providing scores in two sections: â€Å"Evidence-Based Reading and Writing† and Math. In addition, the essay is now optional, and the essay score is reported separately from the other two scores. The length of time students have to complete the essay portion on the rSAT has doubled, from 25 to 50 minutes. Of course the new essay task is more complex than the one on the old SAT, so for students who choose to do the new essay section, the additional time will be necessary. Generally, what did students think of the â€Å"new† SAT? According to a sampling of students who attended the test on March 5, there were multiple versions of the test, so many students were surprised to learn that their friends had taken a completely different test. Students generally indicated that the no-calculator Math section was the most difficult part of the test. It contained trigonometry, complex numbers, and even a question with a 7-24-25 Pythagorean triple. However, many students still reported they felt comfortable doing the math without a calculator. In terms of the Reading section, students reported that it included passages about important figures from history, and that topics included science, medicine, geography, and the arts/humanities. Several students considered the Writing section (grammar) to be the easiest portion of the new test. Of course, whether their scores on that part of the test reflect the seemingly easier content remains to be seen. It was reported that the analytical essay in some of the tests referenced the 2013 Washington Post article by E. J. Dionne, Jr., â€Å"A Call for National Service.† And finally, despite the fact that the College Board had denied that there would be an experimental section on the new test, there was in fact an experimental section. As some had predicted, some students who opted not to take the essay portion of the test were instead given an experimental section, which was called the â€Å"variable† section. Overall opinions were that the test’s questions were straightforward and easy to follow, but some found the length of the sections to be tiring (the revised SAT now comprises five long sections, including the essay, in contrast to the old version that consisted of ten shorter sections, including the essay). Another common sentiment was that generally the test reflected what the students had learned in high school, with a strong endorsement coming from a junior from our neighboring Cheltenham High School who was quoted in a recent Philadelphia Inquirer article saying that the test â€Å"encapsulated his education.† Here at A+ Test Prep and Tutoring, due to the uncertainty surrounding the rSAT, and the fact that the College Board has experienced numerous glitches over the past year, most of our current students have opted to prepare for the ACT this spring. In most cases our students who are interested in taking the rSAT plan to take it next fall, in the hopes that by that time most of the issues with the new test will have been addressed. In conclusion, after literally years of work by the College Board and much speculation about what the test would be like, the new SAT has finally arrived, and students have now taken it for the first time. Opinions about it are varied, and the wait for score results has begun (they are scheduled to be released on May 10). Many students have expressed concerns that they will not have their scores before the next test date (May 7), but they are planning to take the rSAT again in May anyway. Other students have reported that after taking this version of the SAT, they are now considering â€Å"switching camps† and taking the ACT to see on which test they score higher. We’ll continue to keep you posted on the latest news about the SAT and ACT exams. Remember: A+ provides test prep programs for both the ACT and the â€Å"new† SATfor students in the Greater Philadelphia area.We can get you ready for your official test day!